A urinary tract infection is inflammation of the urinary tract caused by bacteria, usually Escherichia coli. When it affects the bladder it is called cystitis, and its hallmark symptoms are burning on urination, frequency and urgency.
It is far more common in women than in men due to anatomical differences — the female urethra is shorter and closer to the anus, making it easier for bacteria to enter. In men, UTIs are often associated with older age or prostate conditions.
Most uncomplicated UTIs resolve with antibiotics, but it is important to distinguish when symptoms indicate a lower tract infection (cystitis) versus when the kidney may be affected (pyelonephritis), as this changes the care pathway.